Some baseline references for some of model options.
Back to Contents
Parameter Data
The basic input parameter data and set-up is described in this section.
4.a. Parameter Files
There are 10 USER-specified files read in by DRIVER.F90
which contain case/spatially dependent but time invariant constants:
| OPTIONS.DAT | ISBA and TEB model options |
| INIT.DAT | Initial values for prognostic variables for ISBA |
| INIT_TEB.DAT | Initial values for prognostic variables for TEB |
| SOIL.DAT | Soil primary parameters |
| VEG.DAT | Vegetation parameters |
| CO2.DAT | ISBA-Ags parameters |
| PARA.DAT | Misc., atmospheric model parameters (forcing level) and model time step, etc. |
| PARA_FRACTIONS.DAT | fractions of natural surface and water: residual is urban fraction |
| PARA_WATER.DAT | Water surface parameters (emissivity, albedo, SST...) |
| PARA_TEB.DAT | TEB parameters |
There are 8 USER-specified input parameter files read in by DRIVER.F90
which contain case/spatially dependent and time varying constants.
| ParamALB.DAT | ISBA: non-snow-covered surface all-wavelength albedo |
| ParamLAI.DAT | ISBA: Leaf Area Index (m2) |
| ParamVEG.DAT | ISBA: Vegetation cover fraction |
| ParamZ0.DAT | ISBA: non-snow-covered baresoil-vegetation roughness length |
| ParamHI_TEB.DAT | TEB: Anthropogenic Flux: Sensible heat of Industry |
| ParamHT_TEB.DAT | TEB: Anthropogenic Flux: Sensible heat of Traffic |
| ParamLEI_TEB.DAT | TEB: Anthropogenic Flux: Latent heat of Industry |
| ParamLET_TEB.DAT | TEB: Anthropogenic Flux: Latent heat of Traffic |
There are many ways for the USER to set up the data files. One method is to simply type them
in, or transform them into the format expected by DRIVER using in-house programs. As a utility, several programs have
been provided as an aid to the USER, but it is NOT necessary to use them. See prep_*f90 in Progs/,
and sc_get_DAT in Scripts/ (which should be copied to DATA/). The script sc_get_DAT executes
the USER modified prep_*f90 programs and produces the 10 time invariant files. Note that
if the parameters listed as Param*DAT are not time invariant (for example, LAI is constant),
then just give the values as constant in ParamLAI.DAT. Also note that Param*DAT files (LAI, ALB, ZO and VEG) can vary
monthly, over a decad or at the model forcing time step (see YTIME_VEG above). The TEB Param*DAT files
vary at the time increment of the forcing.
Also note that prep_parameters.f90 produces isba_dimensions.inc and prep_parametersTEB.f90 produces
teb_dimensions.inc. These 2 files must be in Comp/ when the DRIVER.F90 is compiled.
Universal and physical constants, along with ISBA table data and variables which don't vary
in space or time, are found in the MODD files.
| MODD_CST.F90 | Universal/Physical constants |
| MODD_CO2V_PAR.F90 | contains Ags parameters as a function of whether vegetation is C3 or C4 |
| MODD_GROUND_PAR.F90 | contains soil, vegetation and default snow scheme
default/constant parameters |
The variables in the input files are given below with their basic definitions.
PARA.DAT
| ZTSTEP | Model time step: must be <= forcing time step (s) |
| ZTSTEPFRC | Forcing time step (see above). Generally 30 min. (s) |
| ZRESA (:) | Initial aerodynamic surface resistance (m s-1) |
| ZZREF (:) | Height of forcing (temperature, humidity, etc...) (m) |
| ZUREF (:) | Height of wind ob/forcing (m) |
| ZJULIEN(:) | Initial day (Julian) |
| ZHEURE (:) | Initial hour |
| ZMINUTE(:) | Initial minute |
| ZLAT(:) | Latitude (degrees N) |
| ZLONG(:) | Longitude (degrees E) |
| IYEAR | Number of years for simulation |
| ITIM_INT | Number of days for simulation |
| ISPINUP | Number of times to repeat the first year |
| IFIRSTYEAR | Used to check if leap year |
SOIL.DAT
| ZEMIS(:) | Surface emissivity |
| ZRUNOFFB(:) | Sub-grid surface runoff parameter: slope parameter-controls intensity of runoff |
| ZRUNOFFD(:) | Sub-grid surface runoff parameter: depth over which to compute surface runoff
(=total soil depth if YISBA=2-L, rooting depth if YISBA==3-L, and can be any value
<= total soil depth if YISBA=DIF) |
| ZWDRAIN(:) | Linear/Constant Drainage parameter |
| ZZ0REL(:) | Roughness length due to the topography; 0.01 if ~flat (m) |
| ZWFCS_PRSCRB(:,:) | Specified field capacity (m3 m-3) if different from
that calculated from texture (default). If = XUNDEF, then use texture-defined value |
| ZWSAT_PRSCRB(:,:) | as above, but for porosity (m3 m-3) |
| ZC3_PRSCRB(:) | as above, but for C3 |
| ZTAUICE(:) | Constant for soil ice (s): characteristic time for freezing (s) |
| ZTPRO_CNST(:) | Specified constant deep soil temperature (optional), set=XUNDEF if option not used |
| ZGAMMAT(:) | Restore constant for deep soil temperature (optional)
(if=0.0, then no deep soil temperature restore, this
is the DEFAULT configuration in MesoNH and Stand Alone modes) |
| ZCLAYZ(:,:) | clay fraction vertical profile (0 <= X <= 1) |
| ZSANDZ(:,:) | sand fraction vertical profile (0 <= X <= 1) |
| ZD_G(:,:) | Soil layer thickness vertical profile (m)
Note that ZD_G(:,1) = 0.01 when YISBA=2-L or 3-L, and when YISBA=3-L, ZD_G(:,3) = 0.0 |
| ZXSFRAC(:,:) | water source vertical distribution (YISBA=DIF option). In some cases, an external water
source will be defined (eg. MUREX case study)
as a forcing. This is vertical distribution. |
VEG.DAT
| ZRSMIN(:) | Minimum stomatal resistance (s m-1) (Jarvis-type) |
| ZGAMMA(:) | Stomatal Resistance parameter (Jarvis-type) |
| ZRGL(:) | Stomatal Resistance parameter (Jarvis-type) |
| ZCV(:) | thermal inertia/inverse heat capacity of vegetation (m2 K J-1) |
| ZWWILT_PRSCRB(:,:) | Specified wilting point (m3 m-3) if different from
that calculated from texture (default) |
| ZZ0_O_Z0H(:) | Ratio of momentum to thermal surface roughness lengths (usually 10, but always <= 200) |
| ZWRMAX_CF(:) | parameter related to maximum intercepted-liquid water holding capacity of vegetation |
| ZROOTFRAC(:,:) | root fraction vertical distribution (YISBA=DIF) |
CO2.DAT
| IVEGTYPES(:) | Vegetation classification, currently 9 types possible |
| IYEARMOW(:) | Year of simulation to cut/mow/harvest surface vegetation |
| IDAYMOW(:) | Julian day, used to simulate a cut of vegetation.
Set = 0 to prevent mowing/cutting of vegetation. |
| ZGMES(:) | Mesophyll conductance (m s-1) |
| ZAN(:) | Net assimilation (initial) (mg CO2 m-2 s-2) |
| ZLE(:) | Evapotranspiration (initial) |
| ZXCOTWO(:) | CO2 multiplication factor |
| ZBSLAI(:) | ratio d(biomass)/d(lai) (g m-2) |
| ZH_TREE(:) | height of vegetation canopy (m) |
| ZSEFOLD(:) | e-folding time for senescence (days) |
| ZCSP_INIT(:) | initial atmospheric CO2 concentration (ppm) |
| ZLAIMIN (:) | Minimum LAI |
| ZSTRESS(:) | stress vegetation strategy: 1=defensive strategy, 2=offensive strategy |
| ZF2I(:) | critical normalized extractable water (0 |
| ZGC(:) | cuticular conductance (kg m-2 s-1) |
| ZDMAX(:) | maximum saturation deficit tolerance (maximum value of leaf-to-air saturation deficit) |
PARA_FRACTIONS.DAT
| ZNATUREREAL(:) | ISBA surface fraction |
| ZWATER (:) | WATER surface fraction |
PARA_TEB.DAT
| ZTI_BLD(:) | inside building temperature |
| ZESNOW_ROOF(:) | snow emissivity |
| ZESNOW_ROAD(:) | snow emissivity |
| ZZ0_TOWN(:) | town roughness length for momentum |
| ZBLD(:) | fraction of buildings |
| ZBLD_HEIGHT(:) | buildings h |
| ZBLD_HL_RATIO(:) | buildings h/L |
| ZALB_ROOF(:) | roof albedo |
| ZEMIS_ROOF(:) | roof emissivity |
| ZHC_ROOF (:,:) | heat capacity for roof layers |
| ZTC_ROOF(:,:) | thermal conductivity for roof layers |
| ZD_ROOF(:,:) | depth of roof layers |
| ZALB_ROAD(:) | road albedo |
| ZEMIS_ROAD(:) | road emissivity |
| ZHC_ROAD(:,:) | heat capacity for road layers |
| ZTC_ROAD(:,:) | thermal conductivity for road layers |
| ZD_ROAD(:,:) | depth of road layers |
| ZALB_WALL(:) | wall albedo |
| ZEMIS_WALL(:) | wall emissivity |
| ZHC_WALL(:,:) | heat capacity for wall layers |
| ZTC_WALL(:,:) | thermal conductivity for wall layers |
| ZD_WALL(:,:) | depth of wall layers |
PARA_WATER.DAT
| ZZ0SEA (:) | Initial sea surface roughness |
| ZSST (:) | Fixed Sea (water) surface temperature |
| ZEMISSEA(:) | Water surface emissivity |
| ZALBSEA (:) | Water surface albedo |
INIT.DAT
| ZTG(:,:) | Surface/Soil temperature profile (K) |
| ZWG(:,:) | Soil volumetric water content profile (m3 m-3) |
| ZWGI(:,:) | Soil volumetric liquid water equivalent ice content profile (m3 m-3) |
| ZWR(:) | canopy interception (liquid) |
| ZSNOWALB(:) | snow albedo |
| ZSNOWRHO(:,:) | snow density (kg m-3) (profile if YSNOW_ISBA=3-L) |
| ZSNOWSWE(:,:) | Snow liquid Water Equivalent (kg m-2) (profile if YSNOW_ISBA=3-L) |
| ZSNOWHEAT(:,:) | Snow heat content or enthalpy (J m-2) (zero unless YSNOW_ISBA=3-L) |
| ZLAI(:) | Leaf Area Index (m2 m-2) (prognostic variable if YPHOTO=LAI or LST) |
INIT_TEB.DAT
| ZTS_ROOF(:) | roof surface temperature |
| ZTS_ROAD(:) | road surface temperature |
| ZTS_WALL(:) | wall surface temperature |
| ZTI_ROAD(:) | road deep temperature |
| ZWS_ROOF(:) | roof water reservoir |
| ZWS_ROAD(:) | road water reservoir |
| ZWSNOW_ROOF(:,:) | snow layers reservoir |
| ZTSNOW_ROOF(:,:) | snow layers temperature |
| ZRSNOW_ROOF(:,:) | snow layers density |
| ZASNOW_ROOF(:) | snow albedo |
| ZTSSNOW_ROOF(:) | snow surface temperature |
| ZWSNOW_ROAD(:,:) | snow layers reservoir |
| ZTSNOW_ROAD(:,:) | snow layers temperature |
| ZRSNOW_ROAD(:,:) | snow layers density |
| ZASNOW_ROAD(:) | snow albedo |
| ZTSSNOW_ROAD(:) | snow surface temperature |
Back to Contents
5. Forcing
5.a. Atmospheric Forcing
The driver routine 'driver.f90' acts as the parent atmospheric
model, but with no feedbacks allowed: i.e. the atmospheric conditions
must be prescribed by an external file.
These files are defined as Forc*DAT. The needed variables and the corresponding input file names are:
- ZRG: ForcGLO.DAT = incoming (downwelling) solar radiation (W m-2)
- ZRAT: ForcRAT.DAT = (downwelling) atmospheric infrared radiation (W m-2)
- ZTA: ForcT.DAT = atmospheric temperature (K)
- ZVA: ForcVv.DAT = V wind component (m s-1)
- ZUA: ForcVu.DAT = U wind component (m s-1)
- ZPS: ForcPRES.DAT = surface pressure (Pa)
- ZQA: ForcQ.DAT = atmospheric specific humidity (kg kg-1)
- ZPRECIP: ForcPRCP.DAT = liquid precipitation rate (kg m-2 s-1)
- ZNEIGE: ForcSNOW.DAT = liquid water equivalent snow/frozen precipitation rate (kg m-2 s-1)
Each of these variables has it's own corresponding file.
This format is better when using multiple grid points, although
the user can easily modify this (the code).
Note that if the liquid water equivalent snow rate is not available,
it can be calculated in DRIVER.F90
using ZTA and ZPRECIP (possibly humidity too: there are a number
of published methods for determining this paritioning)
where in this case ZPRECIP represents
the TOTAL precipitation (solid + liquid).
Note that DRIVER.F90 is set up to read in forcing at the so-called forcing
time step (ZTSTEPFRC), while the actual model time step (ZTSTEP)
can be considerably less. Provided forcing is linearly interpolated to the
ISBA time step (except for precipitation rates which are constant
over the forcing time step). The atmospheric and vegetation
(see below) forcing variables are linearly interpolated to
the model time step. Atmospheric forcing for one-way coupling is
*generally* available at 30 minute to 6 hour time steps, and
the ISBA scheme (in one-way mode) is usually run with a *default*
time step of 5 minutes.
5.b. Parameter Forcing: Time Varying Boundary Conditions
There are several possibilities for imposing time-varying boundary conditions.
The first is related to soil water excess (variable ZWXS). This is the lateral transfer of water
into the soil (from a neighboring perched water table for eg.). When ancillary
data is available, this flux can be defined
(eg. MUREX case study). In most cases,
this flux is set to zero. It is expected to be at the same time step as the atmospheric
forcing.
The second possible time varying boundary condition is related to the soil temperature
calculations. If YISBA=2-L or 3-L (i.e. 2-layer Force-Restore temperature approach),
then ZTPRO represents the temperature at some depth/associated time scale. The time
scale is controlled by input parameter ZGAMMAT. If YISBA=DIF, then ZTPRO represents
the temperature at the base of the soil (i.e. at SUM(ZG_G(:,:),2) ). Normally,
ZGAMMAT and/or ZTPRO = XUNDEF which results in a zero flux lower BC.
- ZWXS: ForcWXS.DAT = sub-surface lateral soil water source (kg m-2 s-1)
- ZTPRO: ForcTPRO.DAT = time-varying deep-layer soil temperature (K)
Back to Contents
6. Grid Dimensions
The code can be run with as many (spatial) dimensions as desired (as the machine mandates!).
The value is set in prep_parameters.f90, and isba_dimensions.inc carries this information to
the DRIVER when the driver is compiled. As there are currently no lateral interactions
at/beneath the surface, 2D space is treated as a 1D vector.
Back to Contents
7. ISBA
Many modifications have been made to the baseline Force-Restore ISBA scheme.
They are listed below with the corresponding references.
ISBA Developments
Some developments since the original 1989 scheme, along with some baseline references.
The routine ISBA.F90 calls several routines which comprise
the model physics. Their respective purposes are outlined
at the top of each routine. They are listed here. Note that
routines which are called depending upon the options defined in
DRIVER.F90 are denoted by (optional):
| LAILOSS | Calculates the time change in LAI due to senescence
and cutting: i.e. losses/decreases to LAI. This in turn
reduces the dry biomass of the canopy. Also,
adjust BIOMASS, VEG, Z0VEG and Z0HVEG in time. (optional) |
| SOIL | Calculates the coefficients related to the soil
(i.e., CG, CT, C1, C2, WGEQ) and to the snow canopy
(i.e., Cs, ps, psng, psnv, and psnz0) in Force-Restore snow scheme mode
(YSNOW_ISBA=DEF) |
| SOIL_DIF | Calculates the coefficients related to the soil
heat diffusion (optional if YISBA=DIF) |
| SNOW3L_ISBA | Interface between ISBA and ISBA-ES (3-layer snow scheme)
This routine calls SNOW3L if either snow is falling
or there is adequate snow on the surface. Conversions
are also made (optional). Packing/Unpacking of arrays
are done here, so ISBA-ES is only called at points which
have a minimum amount of snow by this routine. (optional: if YSNOW_ISBA=3-L) |
| VEG | Calculates the surface stomatal resistance Rs (Jarvis
type method) |
| DRAG | Calculates the drag coefficients for heat and momentum
transfers over ground (i.e., Ch and Cd). |
| E_BUDGET | Calculates the evolution of the surface and deep-soil
temperature (i.e., Ts and T2) by solving the linearized surface
energy balance equation. If YISBA=DIF, then entire soil temperature profile
is calculated. Note, all of these computations done BEFORE phase changes effects accounted for |
| COTWORES | Calculates net assimilation of CO2 and leaf conductance
[from model of Jacobs (1994)] (optional) |
| COTWORESTRESS | Calculates net assimilation of CO2 and leaf conductance
[from model of Jacobs (1994)] (optional) using new offensive-defensive plant strategy |
| ISBA_FLUXES | Calculates the surface fluxes, soil ice evolution, and
default snow scheme (YSNOW_ISBA=DEF) melt. |
| HYDRO | Calculates the evolution of the water variables,
i.e., the superficial and deep-soil volumetric water
content, the equivalent liquid water
retained in the vegetation canopy (Wr), the equivalent
water of the snow canopy (Ws) (if YSNOW_ISBA=DEF) , and also of the
albedo and density of the snow (if YSNOW_ISBA=DEF).
Also determine the runoff and drainage into the soil.
If YISBA=DIF, then solve Richard's equation for soil water
movement. |
| LAIGAIN | Calculates the time change in LAI due to assimilation
of CO2. This in turn changes the dry biomass of the
canopy. (optional) |
Back to Contents
8. ISBA-Ags
Detailed information on ISBA-Ags can be found in
Calvet et al. (1998a) and Calvet (2000),
Parameter values for 2 types of vegetation cover
are defined (C3 and C4 from Mathews): these values can be found in
MODD_CO2V_PAR.F90. The routines LAIGAIN.F90 and LAILOSS.F90 are used
only when the interactive option is in use (i.e. YPHOTO='LAI'),
otherwise ISBA-Ags can be used in a mode in which vegetation
properties are prescribed (as in the Jarvis method in VEG.F90)
when YPHOTO='AGS'.
Back to Contents
9. ISBA-ES (SNOW3L) 3-layer explicit snow scheme option
This is an option to the default single-layer snow scheme
of Douville et al. (1995). The Douville scheme is currently used
in the Météo-France Climate model ARPEGE. It is also used
in this model configuration. The main differences between
the default (ISBA-FR) scheme and the 3-layer scheme (ISBA-ES: Boone and Etchevers, 2001)
are the representation of certain physical processes (ripening
of the snowpack, retention of liquid water, solar radiation
transmission, etc... and explicit resolution of the vertical
gradient of temperature and density) in ISBA-ES. ISBA-FR is
more computationally efficiency due to it's relative simplicity.
ISBA-ES takes nearly the same CPU time as ISBA when all grid points
are snow covered. ISBA-ES is only called when either snow is
falling or there is snow above a certain threshold on the
surface, otherwise it is not called and the overall ISBA
model runs as if the snow option where not being used.
Whether to use one option or another depends on the modelers
applications/goals. Please feel free to contact Aaron Boone
(boone@cnrm.meteo.fr) for details.
Note that there is also a seperate DRIVER for running only ISBA-ES
at a point (i.e. without the rest of ISBA, TEB, etc...). The USER
must only specify the ground surface layer (snow-soil interface) temperature and humidity
(which can be set as constants in the DRIVER) which are used to define
the soil surface thermal conductivity (using classical ISBA methods).
This DRIVER uses existing routines, and the same naming conventions for
input atmospheric forcing. Please contact
Aaron Boone
if you are interested in this simple driver.
Additional documentation on ISBA-ES exists in the form of a technical memo.
Compared to the reference article
Boone and Etchevers, (2001), this memo contains much more
mathematical detail. Please contact
Aaron Boone
if you are interested in obtaining a copy of this memo. The reference is:
Boone, 2001: Description du Schema de Neige ISBA-ES (Explicit Snow) (in English),
Note de Centre N70, Meteo-France, GMME, 53 pp.
Back to Contents
10. ISBA-DIF
The ISBA-DIF model has been described in Boone et al. (2000) and Habets et al. (2002).
It uses a multi-layer approach with varying depths in space. The current default number of
layers is 5, however, this can easily be changed by the USER as this dimension is merely
an input parameter. The USER must also specify the layer thicknesses. Heat transfer
is along the thermal gradient using simple Fourier diffusion.
There is a choice of 2 different thermal conductivity algorithms (FLAG YDIFSFCOND):
the Peters-Lidard method
is recommended (especially for cases with soil freezing as soil ice is considered explicitly
in this case). Zero heat flux at the base of the model is the default, however,
a time varying or constant soil temperature at the base of the soil can
be imposed (see FLAG YDEEPF). The advantage of the zero heat flux is that
heat is conserved.
Soil moisture evolution
is determined using a mixed-form Richard's equation, thereby permitting the treatment
of a heterogeneous soil texture profile: sand and clay content must be specified
for each layer. Soil ice is also simulated within each layer using a soil freezing
characteristic curve. The standard Clapp and Hornberger (1978) model for hydraulic
conductivity and matric potential are used. The USER must also specify the root
zone fraction profile.
Additional documentation on ISBA-DIF exists in the form of the PhD thesis by Boone (2000)
in French. The most updated version of the ISBA-DIF documentation is in the form
of an informal unpublished document which can be obtained by
contacting Aaron Boone. This document
goes into more mathematical detail than published references.
Back to Contents
11. Budget Outputs of Interest
Currently in DRIVER.F90, several variables are output which describe
the surface energy balance (fluxes) and hydrology predicted by ISBA.
The cumulative values (time) are calculated. The energy and mass budgets
for ISBA-ES are output, along with the budgets for ISBA (soil/vegetation/
composite snow-Douville option), URBAN and WATER_FLUX. See BUDGET.OUT.DAT in
Output/ after running the simulation.
Back to Contents
12. Run a Simulation: Description
This section gives a basic description of setting up and executing a run
on your local machine. Please contact
Aaron Boone or Florence Habets
with any questions.
12.a. Directory Structure and Basic Set-up
The ISBA release, when untarred, should result in the creation of a directory tree
(shown below). Progs/ contains the F90 source code, Scripts/ contains a few
very elementary scripts which may have to be tailed for a particular platform or
operating system. DATA (possibly provided separately) should contain the
model INPUT data (a sample case,
MUREX,
should be provided. Contact us for
obtaining other cases: there are many 1D local scale cases available, along with
data over a regional scale domain/water basins).
The script script_compile in Scripts/ should be copied
to the parent directory, and then executed. It will copy the code from
Progs/ to Comp/ and compile the routines.
The script script_link should be copied from Scripts/ to
RUN/, and upon execution it will create the executable isba.
Model outputs will be written to RUN/Output/.
parent directory
- Progs/
- Comp/
- Scripts/
- DATA/
- RUN/
- doc/
12.b. Parameter Set-up
The first step is to copy the programs prep_*f90 from
Progs/ to DATA/. Edit the program prep_options.f90 to
selected the ISBA and TEB options. Next, edit prep_parameters.f90
to give the number of grid points and the fractions of each surface
within each grid box. At this point, the USER could modify the program
to read data from another source, or type in parameter values (if doing
a single-point study for example). This program is simply an aid for
the USER, it is not necessary.
The next step would be to edit prep_parametersTEB.f90, and the other prep*f90
files accordingly. then, copy from Scripts/sc_get_DAT to DATA/ and execute this
script. This will generate the input parameter DAT files. Note that *DAT files
for certain options and surfaces are NOT read and therefore do NOT need to be
defined if the options in question are not evoked. For example, if the USER
wishes to run ISBA alone without TEB or WATER_FLUX, then the TEB and WATER_FLUX
*DAT files are NOT needed. To go further, if one is NOT using ISBA-Ags, then
there is no need to create the CO2.DAT file.
It is very important to note that execution of prep_parameters.f90 and
prep_parametersTEB.f90 produce 2 include files: isba_dimensions.inc and
teb_dimensions.inc. These 2 files MUST be located in Comp/ (the script
sc_get_DAT will copy *.inc into Comp/ automatically upon the successful
execution of the prep*f90 programs) before compiling DRIVER.F90.
They simply contain dimensions and can be manually edited/created
or created using the prep_parameters*f90 programs.
12.c. Compilation
Copy Scripts/script_compile to the parent directory. Execute this script.
This is a VERY simple script using NO options. The user may want to use
optimization options to speed run time, etc., or even replace this file
with a Makefile. This is only given as an example. The object files
are created in Comp/
12.d. Linking and Running
Copy Scripts/script_link to RUN/. Execution of this script creates (if the programs
compiled successfully) the executable named isba. Simply type isba to run the model.
Output data and statistics can be found in RUN/Output/. A description of output
files can be found in DRIVER.F90.
12.e. Sample 1D Case
For most releases, a sample case is provided
(MUREX),
1995. This is a single
point run, and details can be found in Calvet et al. 1998b, and on the
MUREX web page
.
Parameters are set for using the Force-Restore 2-L configuration.
Note that if the 3-L or DIF soil options are desired, then certain parameters
will have to be recalibrated/tested to give reasonable results (as the parameters
were calibrated for the simple 2L case): notably the minimum stomatal resistance,
the wilting point, etc. For more help related to using other model options,
please contact Aaron Boone or Florence Habets.
Back to Contents
13. References
The references below are related to modifications made to ISBA (some optional)
compared to the original Force-Restore scheme. See the ISBA
reference page
for a much more comprehensive listing of published works involving ISBA.
Also, full references to other referenced material (herein) can be found
in the publications listed below.
Boone, A., J.-C. Calvet and J. Noilhan, 1999: The inclusion of a third
soil layer in a Land Surface Scheme using the Force-Restore method.
J. of Appl. Meteor., 38, 1611-1630.
Boone, A., V. Masson, T. Meyers, and J. Noilhan, 2000:
The influence of the inclusion of soil freezing on simulations
by a soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer scheme.
J. of Appl. Meteor., 39, 1544-1569.
Boone, A., P. Etchevers, 2001:
An inter-comparison of three snow schemes of varying complexity
coupled to the same land-surface model:
Local scale evaluation at an Alpine site.
J. of Hydrometeor., 2, 374-394.
Braud, I., J. Noilhan, P. Bessemoulin, P. Mascart,
R. Havercamp, and M. Vauclin, 1993:
Bareground surface heat and water
exchanges under dry conditions: Observations and parameterization.
Bound. Layer Met., 66, 173-200.
Calvet, J. C., J. Noilhan, J.-L. Roujean, P. Bessemoulin,
M. Cabelguenne, A. Olioso and J.-P. Wigneron, 1998a:
An interactive vegetation SVAT model tested against data from six
contrasting sites.
Agric. Forest Meteorol., 92, 73-95.
Calvet, J.-C., J. Noilhan, and P. Bessemoulin, 1998b: Retrieving the root-zone soil
moisture from surface soil moisture or temperature estimates: A feasibility
study based on field measurements. J. Appl. Meteor., 37(4), 371-386.
Calvet, J. C., 2000:
Investigating soil and atmospheric plant stress using physiological and
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